The Case of Samsung Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The of Samsung - Case Study Example Solutions to the three issues require the inclusion of decision-making, strategic planning, and goal setting. The problem of competition can be solved by acquiring competitive advantage (Mars, 2009). Samsung can acquire this advantage by focusing on creating more appealing features to their products so as to attract more customers and establish customer loyalty. The problem of unproductive marketing strategies can be solved through market specialization in specific expertise for specific markets. Price fluctuation can be solved by developing a plan that helps to determine foreign countries exchange rates (Lindros, 2014). With this knowledge, a company can take financial actions in a more systematic manner. What the case of Samsung tells about strategic management is that it is a comprehensive process that involves a systematic set of activities that rely on resources and clearly defined actions. In terms of resource, the company relies on human and material resources as well as raw m aterials to be able to deliver. Strategic management also relies on teamwork specifically through a product marketing team that ensures the handset division controls risks and competition from other handset providers such as Nokia. The Case of ZespriAs a large exporter of kiwifruit, Zespri experiences three main issues that include; competition, market instability and fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Zespri faces great competition from other producers of kiwifruit in China and Italy as well as competition from other alternative crops.

A Positive View on Social Media and Facebook Essay Example for Free

A Positive View on Social Media and Facebook Essay Over one billion people worldwide use or have a profile on some sort of social media. Facebook is one form of social media that leads the charge. Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows users to locate and reunite with old friends, join groups of members that share your same interests, do research, and entertain themselves through the use of a variety of applications embedded within the website. Every so often we feel the urge to locate old friends that we have not been in touch with in a long time. We just type in their name and see what comes up. One day my wife looked up an old friend of mine, Paul Z. and found a man about the right age. She thought at first it was someone else because with age we all look different. Looking back at her was an older man with grey hair and a beard, something that neither Paul nor I had the last time we had seen each other. So she started to go through pictures and started seeing familiar faces, pictures from the past that was our past too. She immediately requested that they become â€Å"friends† on Facebook knowing that this was our friend from years ago. The request was accepted and our friendship was reunited again. After Facebook and my wife reunited two old friends I started to look at Facebook for other ideas on who to try and communicate with. Old classmates came to mind and it just so happens that Facebook provides a tool for reuniting classmates on the website. After about ten minutes or so of answering a few simple questions about where I went to school and when, I logged off and went about my business. About two or three days later I started getting responses. At first I didn’t recognize anybody, but then after a little research, yearbooks mostly, I started to recognize some of the names and memories followed. I have since been in touch with a couple of classmates from as far back as second and third grade, an amazing feat since second and third grade was in 1966 and 1967. I now get invitations to class reunions and other events that I never had before. Although I haven’t attended one yet, maybe someday I will. Another part of Facebook that I thoroughly enjoy, are all the groups that are available to join and hang out with. The Navy is just one of the many groups that I belong to. There I get to chat and share the many memories I have from my time in the service. Some are really great, like the time I got to ride a camel in front of the main Pyramid in Egypt, except when it spit on me, that wasn’t fun. Or the time I rode a Gondola in Venice down the waterways. And some not so great, like 1991 in the Persian Gulf or rescuing refugees off the coast of Haiti. But all are memories I love to share with old shipmates and Facebook makes it possible. Genealogy is a subject that has interested me for years. One of the greatest challenges I have found, is how to quickly and accurately research the information I need on members of my family. I even subscribed to an online genealogy website. Where, for $30.00 per month, I could do all the research I wanted. This soon became more than I could fit into my budget, so I started to look for another way. I saw an advertisement on Facebook for a new application called â€Å"Family Tree†, an online web app that allows family members to input their own family information and merge it into an existing family tree. It also allows each family member to visit and update their own part of the tree as often as they like. I signed up and started to enter information about my own immediate family and forwarded requests for other members of my family to join. The response was amazing. To date my family has placed 1,288 entries into the family tree and it continues to grow every day. Although groups, family history research, locating long lost friends takes up a lot of time, I still try to find ways to amuse myself on the computer. Facebook can do that too. There are literally hundreds of games that you can play either by yourself or with family and friends. CityVille 2 is the one that I am currently involved in socially. I haven’t started any individual games yet, but I will eventually. Games are not the only forms of entertainment provided by Facebook. The posts that all of my friends place on the site can be hilarious. I am constantly looking at all of the photos and videos that have been posted and at times they can be pretty entertaining as well. All things considered, there are many ways to communicate with family, friends and classmates. Newer forms of social media, like Facebook give us a significantly more effective and in most cases, less expensive way to stay in touch with the people that mean the most to us. It can also provide tools for exploring new and exciting ways to entertain ourselves, research your family history by starting a family tree, or join a group that shares your interests. The opportunities are endless.

Dependent Personality Disorder Essay -- essays research papers

A Psychological Aspect of Susan Smith: Dependent Personality Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On October 25, 1994, Susan Smith drowned her two sons, Michael and Alex, in the John D. Long Lake in Union County, South Carolina. For nine days she lied about knowing where the boys were. On November 3, she confessed to the killings and would soon go to trial. Susan’s defense team hired a psychiatrist to conduct a psychiatric evaluation of her. She was diagnosed as having dependent personality disorder. He described her as a person who â€Å"feels she can’t do anything on her own†. â€Å"She constantly needs affection and becomes terrified that she’ll be left alone† She was only depressed when she was alone. The psychiatrist studied her family history and concluded that based on her family history and his interviews with her, Susan had a tendency toward depression that began in her childhood. Susan’s attorney argued that his client was psychologically destabilized by a lifetime of betrayal. A father who killed himself when she was just six, a stepfather who sexually molested her as a child, a husband who cheated on her and a boyfriend who toyed with her affections (Pergament).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her boyfriend testified that â€Å"the pleasure she got from sex was not physical pleasure, it was just in being close and being loved†. The psychiatrist testified that Susan had sex with four different men during the six-week period leading up to the murders and she had begun to drink heavily during this time (Pergament). Alcoholism is a component of dependent personality disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After only four days of testimony, the defense rested its case. Susan was charged with two counts of murder and sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole in 30 years, the year 2025.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dependent personality disorder is an inability to function without significant reliance on a forceful or dominant person providing direction. Individuals diagnosed with dependent personality disorder are usually quiet, and needy for attention, valuation, and social contact. Lack of self-confidence and relying on others are typical. Threatened with solitude or separation, a dependent disorder person may panic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  with feelings of profound helplessness (Gillihan). The person may be convinced that he/she is incapable... ...ost effective in treatment (Gillihan).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, The National Mental Health Association suggests that: There are many types of help available for different personality disorders. Treatment may include individual, group, or family psychotherapy. Medications prescribed by the patient’s physician may also be helpful in relieving some of the symptoms of personality disorders including problems with anxiety and depression. References American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author Bornstein, Robert F. (1993). The Dependent Personality. New York: Guilford Press Gillihan, Lori. (n.d). Dependent Personality Disorder. Retrieved March 1, 2002, from http://cstl-coe.semo.edu National Mental Health Association. (n.d.). Personality Disorders. Retrieved from http://www.nmha.org Pergament, Rachel. (n.d.). Susan Smith: Child Murderer or Victim? Retrieved March 1, 2002 from http://www.crimelibrary.com Rey, Joseph M. (1996) Antecedents of Personality Disorders in Young Adults. Psychiatric Times, 13 (2). Retrieved March 1, 2002, from http://www.mhsource.com

Quantative analysis of your food diary Essay

You need to write up your analysis of your food diary. State how long you have kept your food diary for, and write about the following points: 1. Consider how you have recorded your information. Where have you got your information from that will be analysed – how useful are these sources of information? (e.g food labels, weighing portions, recipes etc) 2. Research the Recommended Nutritional Intakes for your age and gender on http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/nutguideuk.pdf . Choose 3 whole days of your food diary how does your food intake compare to the recommended Nutritional Intakes. Remember you need to break the food composition down into the main food groups including vitamins (in particular vitamin C) and the energy from fat in your food. What are the strengths and weaknesses of your food intake? Consider other recommended food intake sources such as five a day and food standards agency eatwell plate. How does your food intake measure up to this? 3. You may find it useful to research how many calories you should be intaking for your lifestyle. (a useful site http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/loseweight/Pages/understanding-calories.aspx ) 4. Consider the amount of activity that you have done over the course of the week – what are the strengths and weaknesses of this level of activity? (another useful site http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/physical-activity-guidelines-for-adults.aspx ) 5. Finally in the analysis consider any Lifestyle influences: as relevant, eg personal food preferences, cultural, economic, social, availability of 6. time; day-to-day variations, e.g week days/weekends Once you have done this you need to move on to part 2 of the assignment task! Part 2 1. Provide a 7 day nutritional plan to improve your nutritional health. 2. You should include a meal plan which addresses all of the issues analysed in your food diary analysis. This includes what you are eating and how it relates to social policy as stated above. 3. Consider the change for life campaign (http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/change-for-life.aspx) what can you include in your nutritional plan that changes your life? 4. What about your activity levels? In your plan you need to consider your levels of activity analysed in your food diary. How can you improve these? (remember it is not just about joining a gym, you could consider walking up the stairs instead of taking the lift!!) 5. Finally look again at the issues that you have highlighted in terms of lifestyle factors that influence – what can you do to change them? (think outside of the box here, and be realistic). Include these changes in your plan. 6. You may design and present this information in any format you wish, however, you might want to consider some kind of template or grid to present your information on. 7. Remember your nutritional plan must be SMART 8. In your plan you should assess how the plan will meet and improve your nutritional needs – you need to relate your information to social policy (five a day, change for life, RNI, the eatwell plate) (M3) 9. You should also evaluate how the changes that you are making might improve your health and wellbeing. (D2) (useful sites http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/healthy-food-choices/nutrition-tips-for-improving-your-health.html http://www.nhs.uk/LiveWell/Goodfood/Pages/Goodfoodhome.aspx http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/children/general-health-advice/eat-smart/food-science/improving-your-diet/ Remember all of the sites that you use must be referenced! That is both in the text using Harvard referencing and by including a reference sheet!

Definition of Communication Essay

Introduction Whenever we interact with other people, intentional or unintentional, we communicate; because of its abstract nature, the concept of communication is difficult to define. If one remembers Communication Theory as a Field (Craig 1999), we gain insight into the scientific fields of communication, on how diverse the fields of study actually are. With such diversity among theorists’ approaches to communication, it is even harder to get a single definition standing, at least within academia. The devil is in the details; however some argue that it is rather impractical to study a subject that isn’t well defined. A First Look At Communication Theory (Griffin 2012) offers a working definition. (Griffin 2012:6) states â€Å"Communication is the relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response†. But does this definition of what communication is suffice in the light of what the different theorists argue it is? This will be the main focus of my paper. I find it most reasonable to approach this question with two communication theories with different fundamental approaches to communication. In order to cover both the interpretive and objective theoretical approach, I will discuss the definition in relation to Constructivism and Semiotics. The Definition The definition consists of five parts: messages, creation of Messages, interpretation of Messages, A Relational Process, and Messages that elicits a response (Griffin 2012:6-9). â€Å"Messages are the very core of communication study.† (Griffin 2012:6). The creation of messages is the implication that messages is usually not randomly generated (constructed, invented, planned, crafted, constituted, selected, or adopted (Griffin 2012:7)). A message does not hold a meaning in and of itself; e.g. there is a differentiation between the words and the meaning. Communication is considered a process, because it functions in a contextual sense. In addition, it is a relational phenomenon because it involves two or more participants and affects their connection. And lastly, if a message fails to initiate any reactions, it would be ironic to call it communication according to Griffin. Constructivism Constructivism approaches communication from the psychological perspective, focusing on cognitive competence in interpersonal communication (Griffin 2012:98). The level of interactional competence is determined by the sophistication of the actor’s social perception skills, and their ability to analyze the social situation (the cognitive complexity of an actor (Griffin 2012:99)). The cognitive complexity is reflected in the communication process through the effectiveness of person-centered messages. â€Å"†¦ the capacity to produce highly person-centered messages has been assessed by having participants generate messages in response to standard situations and then coding these messages within hierarchical schemes for the degree of person centeredness manifested. For example, messages seeking to persuade others have been coded for the extent to which the goals and desires of the target are taken into account.† (Brant R. Burleson, Scott E. Caplan 1998:II,B) In a constructivist view, the communication process is more goal-oriented than relational. Constructing the message in a communicational context is in and of itself an intention to get an anticipated or desired reaction. â€Å"The perception and processing of others’ intentional efforts to convey some internal state–may be viewed as a special case of social perception† (Brant R. Burleson, Scott E. Caplan 1998:II,C). The addressed uses a received message as input in the process of structuring their response. The effectiveness of a response is directly correlated to the message’s goal related structure, and the cognitive complexity and perception skills of both addresser and addressed. Semiology Semiotics is the study of signs; it involves the production and the analysis of socially attributed meaning to an object. The semiologist Roland Barthes focused his research on signs we use in communication (Griffin 2012:332). In Mythologies (Roland Barthes 2009) we see that Barthes’ perspective on communication is broader than the interpersonal level, focusing more on abstract connotations and mythical signs in a cultural context. He argues that reality is converted into speech through human history; therefore there are no eternal meanings (Roland Barthes 2009:132). Concordantly, the meaning of a sign can shift as time progresses, an original sign could become a denotation for something else through the semiotic process. The creation of meaning of signs is then not only an individual process; it is also a conjunction and ongoing process of communication and human history. Barthes offers a semantic explanation, in his example of wrestling, to the reactions of the audience towards the wrestlers (Roland Barthes 2009:11-12). Arguing that, with French wrestling, different connotations around the mythical sign of â€Å"justice† were at interplay. So in the process of interpretation; Meaning can be implicit. Unconsciously perceived as connotative factor(s) to what is consciously noticed, and then reacted upon. Directly applying the points of discussion Extending the commonalities and differences between the two theoretical views, with Griffin’s definition, some points are very clear. Both view messages as the core instrument in communication and see it as a process. Both agree that if no reaction is elicited in any way, then the function of the message initially failed. The circumstances thereof are different in each point of view. However the aspects of messages in each theoretical view are defined in such a fashion; without a response of any kind, it would be a contradiction to refer to them as such (If we, of course, interpret messages that elicit a response to include apathetic responses). On the points of objection, it seems mostly to be a case of â€Å"weighing the words†, when viewed by either theoretical lens. As an example: on the point of a relational process, constructivists might prefer â€Å"goal-oriented† rather than relational. Or from Barthes’ perspective, adding a concept of creating mea ning as a result of communication to the definition. Conclusion The outlined approaches in this paper of constructivism and semiotics, display clear differences in the assumptions, focus-points and explanations of communication. However their general outlook does not, in any significant way, object to Griffin’s working definition. I think this outcome qualifies the definition as sufficient, as a practical tool when studying communication. The evident boundary of my paper however, is the lack of other major theoretical lenses in the subject. Further work needs to be done in order to conduct a more unified definition. References Barthes, R. (2009). Mythologies. London: Vintage Classics. 3-14 and 131-144 Craig, R.T. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9, 119-161. Griffin, E. (2011). A First Look at Communication Theory. 8th edition. New York: McGraw Hill. J. C. McCroskey, J. A. Daly, & M. M. Martin (Eds.). (1998). Communication and Personality: Trait Perspectives. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton, pp. 233-286, Website: Presshttp://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/wrightr/const/bu98b.htm#II.B.%20CC%20and%20%E2%82%ACMessage%20Production%E2%82%AC

Social And Economic Setting Of Canada

Social And Economic Setting Of Canada Canada is today considered to be among the richest nations in the world. But how and when is a country considered to be among the wealthiest in the globe?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social And Economic Setting Of Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Canada has evolved from a hard economic hardship to a level where its economy is relatively in a good shape compared to other developed and developing countries. However, certain discrepancies still exist in the manner of distribution of resources and standards of living. Certain factors can be held responsible for this trend. This essay will discuss some of the factors that have led to inequality in income distribution in Canada, highlight the country’s quality of living, discuss its material wellbeing and finally provide an insight into the economic and cultural dependence of the country. The standard of living in Canada improved greatly ever since its em ergence as the second wealthiest nation after the United States of America following the Second World War (1) Even though a significant drop in the exceptionally high rate of economic growth led to the subsequent drop in its ranking among the wealthiest nations, Canada is still considered as a country whose majority population has a high standard of living. The United Nations Human Development Index ranks Canada’s standards of living as the eight in the whole world. The high standard of living in Canada is majorly attributed to the high quantity and high quality of goods and services that is readily available to a majority of the Canadian population. The availability of these goods and services also contribute to the material wellbeing of the people. This material wellbeing is the main factor used to measure the standard of living of the Canadian population.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because an increase in the material wellbeing is a harbinger of increased standards of living while a drop in the same is an indicator of decreased standards of living. Despite Canada’s high standards of living, there are still those who live in poverty. This is caused by a wide difference in income levels and inequitable distribution of natural resources. The two groups which are most likely to live in penury in Canada are the aboriginal Canadians and single-parent households that are headed by women. The latter are likely to be poor because some form of muted gender discrimination is still witnessed in the nation to this day. Aboriginal Canadians are most likely to be poor because they are traditionally rooted in the logging and mining industries which are minor sources of income. Socio-economic mobility refers to the movement of people from one economic and social status to another. This type of mobility exposes and opens opportuniti es for one to explore and utilize. Socio-economic mobility removes the social and economic constraints and presents an avenue for the exploitation of other areas in order to yield the desired results. Canada is widely known for its high degree of socio-economic mobility. The main characteristic of Socio-economic mobility in Canada is that it majorly takes place in full time and higher-paying occupations. The mobility is also subject to the historical backgrounds, traditions, cultures and political conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social And Economic Setting Of Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Quality of Life (QOL) in Canada is measured using the cost of living, life expectancy, average income, personal safety and security, political stability and the Gross Domestic Product per person (GDP per capita). Basing on the GDP per capita, Canada enjoys a higher quality of life than all the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s countries except the United States. Globally, Canada is ranked eighth in the list of countries with the leading QOL rates. (2) Canada’s independence is limited by a number of cultural and economic factors. Canada’s economy is greatly dependent on the United States of America. The United States imports about 73% of Canada’s exports. It also contributes to 63% of Canada’s imports. Because of this large trading transactions and interaction in other activities, Canada has become attached to the United States and compromised the sovereignty of its decisions. have also largely adapted to the American culture at the expense of their own culture. A good example of this is the adaptation of the American music styles by Canadian artists. Canada has also signed multiple trade agreements with the United States including the North American Free Trade Agreement. These trade agreements have gone a long way in ty ing Canada to the United States and hindering it from engaging freely in trade with other countries. For instance, Canada isn’t in position to import a commodity from another country as long as the particular commodity can be imported from the United States.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As seen from the above discussion, Canada has high standards of living although these standards vary among the population. It is also clear from the essay that aboriginal Canadians and women who are single parents are susceptible to poverty. In addition to that, the quality of life in Canada is ranked eighth in the whole world. Finally, Canada’s economic and cultural independence has been compromised following its involvement with the United States of America. Reference List Easterbrook WT, Aitken GK, Hugh GJ. Canadian economic history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1988. Quarter JT, Laurie MK, Ann AL. Understanding the social economy: A Canadian perspective. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2009.

Free Essays on On Line Marketing 2000

How important is marketing and whom does it affect? When you think about it, you can’t get very far into a day without bumping into marketing and what the whole marketing system does for you. Marketing is simply defined as the activities involved in getting goods from the producer to the consumer. It concentrates primarily on the buyers, or consumers, determining their needs and desires, educating them with regard to the availability of products and to important features, developing strategies to persuade them to buy, and finally enhancing their satisfaction with a purchase (Encarta 95). Producers and sellers are always looking for new and innovative ways of marketing their goods and services to provide superior quality and comfort to consumers. Towards the end of the 20th Century, many companies were looking to the Internet as an opportunity for profitable growth through marketing. However, companies are now seeing a need to develop strategies and learn from the mista kes of past dot-comers in order to maintain success within the new Internet marketing industry. â€Å"The now clichà © Web maxim, ‘If you build it they will come,’ has lulled many online marketers into a false sense of opportunity. The truth is that Web site traffic building has its own set of PR needs and requires its own system of aggressive, attention getting tactics,† says Charles Sayers, an Internet marketing consultant (Dysart). Marketing on the Internet throughout 2000, was seen as unpredictable and embryonic. Nearly, 130 dot-com businesses ended up crashing last year due to their lack of success within the industry (Patton). In 2000, Companies were no longer looking at other new companies as the enemy. In fact, recent findings have shown that alliances and exchanges among previous online competitors proved to be more successful for the companies overall (Patton). Elemica, formed by 12 large chemical companies, saw the need to build an alliance... Free Essays on On Line Marketing 2000 Free Essays on On Line Marketing 2000 How important is marketing and whom does it affect? When you think about it, you can’t get very far into a day without bumping into marketing and what the whole marketing system does for you. Marketing is simply defined as the activities involved in getting goods from the producer to the consumer. It concentrates primarily on the buyers, or consumers, determining their needs and desires, educating them with regard to the availability of products and to important features, developing strategies to persuade them to buy, and finally enhancing their satisfaction with a purchase (Encarta 95). Producers and sellers are always looking for new and innovative ways of marketing their goods and services to provide superior quality and comfort to consumers. Towards the end of the 20th Century, many companies were looking to the Internet as an opportunity for profitable growth through marketing. However, companies are now seeing a need to develop strategies and learn from the mista kes of past dot-comers in order to maintain success within the new Internet marketing industry. â€Å"The now clichà © Web maxim, ‘If you build it they will come,’ has lulled many online marketers into a false sense of opportunity. The truth is that Web site traffic building has its own set of PR needs and requires its own system of aggressive, attention getting tactics,† says Charles Sayers, an Internet marketing consultant (Dysart). Marketing on the Internet throughout 2000, was seen as unpredictable and embryonic. Nearly, 130 dot-com businesses ended up crashing last year due to their lack of success within the industry (Patton). In 2000, Companies were no longer looking at other new companies as the enemy. In fact, recent findings have shown that alliances and exchanges among previous online competitors proved to be more successful for the companies overall (Patton). Elemica, formed by 12 large chemical companies, saw the need to build an alliance...

Criminal Profile of Serial Killer Joel Rifkin

Criminal Profile of Serial Killer Joel Rifkin For five years, Joel Rifkin avoided capture as he used the city streets across Long Island, New Jersey, and New York City as his hunting ground, but once he was caught, it took little time for police to get him to confess to the murders of 17 women. Joel Rifkins Early Years Joel Rifkin was born on January 20, 1959, and adopted three weeks later by Ben and Jeanne Rifkin. Ben worked as a structural engineer and Jeanne was a homemaker who enjoyed gardening. The family lived in New City, a hamlet of Clarkstown, New York. When Joel was three, the Rifkins adopted their second child, a baby girl who they named Jan. After a few more moves the family settled into  in East Meadow, Long Island, New York. East Meadow was then much like it is today: a community of mostly middle to upper-income families who take pride in their homes and  community. The Rifkins blended quickly into the area and became involved in the local school boards and in 1974, Ben earned a seat for life on the  Board of Trustees at one of the towns main landmarks, The East Meadow Public Library. The Adolescent Years As a child, there was nothing particularly remarkable about Joel Rifkin. He was a  nice child but terribly shy and had a difficult time making friends. Academically he struggled and from the start, Joel felt that he was a disappointment to his father who was very intelligent and actively involved on the school board. Despite his IQ of 128, he received low grades as a result of undiagnosed dyslexia. Also, unlike his father who excelled in sports, Joel proved to be uncoordinated and accident-prone. As Joel entered middle school, making friends did not come easy. He had grown into a clumsy adolescent that appeared uncomfortable in his own skin. He naturally stood hunched over, which, along with his unusually long face and prescription glasses, led to constant teasing and bullying from his schoolmates. He became the kid that even the nerdy kids teased. High School In high school, things got worse for Joel. He was nicknamed Turtle due to his appearance and his slow, unsteady gait. This lead to more bullying, but Rifkin was never confrontational and seemed to take it all in stride, or so it appeared. But as each school year passed, he distanced himself further from his peers and chose instead to spend much of his time alone in his bedroom.   Considered to be an annoying introvert, there were no attempts made from any friends to coax him out of the  house unless it was to pull a mean prank, including hitting him with eggs, pulling down his pants with girls around to see, or submerging his head into a school toilet.   The abuse took its toll and Joel began avoiding other students by showing up late to classes and being the last to leave school. He spent much of his time isolated and alone in his bedroom. There, he began to entertain himself with violent sexual fantasies that had been brewing inside of him for years. Rejection Rifkin enjoyed photography and with the new camera given to him by his parents, he decided to join the yearbook committee. One of his jobs was to submit pictures of the graduating students and activities going on at school. However, like so many of Rifkins attempts to find acceptance among his peers, this idea also failed after his camera was stolen immediately after joining the group. Joel decided to stay on anyway and spent a lot of his spare time working on meeting the yearbook deadlines. When the yearbook was completed, the group held a wrap-up party, but Joel was not invited. He was devastated. Angered and embarrassed, Joel once again retreated to his bedroom and  submerged himself into true crime books about serial killers. He became fixated on the Alfred Hitchcock movie, Frenzy, which he found sexually stimulating, especially the scenes that showed women being strangled. By now his fantasies were always made with a repetitive theme of rape, sadism, and murder, as he incorporated the murders he saw on screen or read in books  into his own fantasy world. College Rifkin was looking forward to college. It meant a new start and new friends, but typically, his expectations turned out to be far greater than reality. He enrolled at Nassau Community College on Long Island and commuted to his classes with a car that was a gift from his parents. But not living in student housing or off-campus with other students had its drawbacks in that it made him even more of an outsider than he already felt. Again, he was facing a  friendless environment and he became miserable and lonely. Trolling for Prostitutes Rifkin began cruising the city streets around areas where prostitutes were known to hang out. Then the shy, slouched-over introvert who found it difficult to make eye contact with girls at school, somehow found the courage to pick up a prostitute and pay her for sex. From that point on, Rifkin lived in two worlds - the one that his parents knew about and the one filled with sex and prostitutes and  consumed his every thought. The prostitutes became a live extension of Rifkins fantasies that had been festering in his mind for years. They also became an inexhaustible addiction that resulted in missed classes, missed work, and cost him whatever money he had in his pocket. For the first time in his life, he had women around who seemed to like him which boosted his self-esteem. Rifkin ended up dropping out of college, then enrolling again at another college only to then drop out again. He was constantly moving out, then back again with his parents each time he flunked out of school. This frustrated his father and he and Joel would often get into big shouting matches about his lack of commitment towards getting a college education. The Death of Ben Rifkin In 1986, Ben Rifkin was diagnosed with cancer and he committed suicide the following year. Joel gave a touching  eulogy, describing the love that his father had given to him throughout his life. In truth, Joel Rifkin felt like a miserable failure who was a major disappointment and embarrassment to his father. But now with his father was gone, he was able to do what he wanted without the constant worry that his dark seedy lifestyle would be discovered. The First Kill After flunking out of his last attempt at college in the spring  of 1989, Rifkin spent all of his free time with prostitutes. His fantasies about murdering the women began to fester. In early March, his mother and sister left on vacation. Rifkin drove into New York City and picked up a prostitute and brought her back to his familys home. Throughout her stay, she slept, shot heroin, then slept more, which irritated Rifkin who had no interest in drugs. Then, without any provocation, he picked up a Howitzer artillery shell and struck her repeatedly on the head with it and then suffocated and strangled her to death. When he was certain that she was dead, he went to bed. After six hours of sleep, Rifkin awoke and went about the task of getting rid of the body. First, he removed her teeth and scraped her fingerprints off of her fingers so that she could not be identified. Then using an X-Acto knife, he managed to dismember the body into six parts which he distributed in different areas throughout Long Island, New York City, and New Jersey. Futile Promises The womans head was discovered inside a paint bucket on a New Jersey golf course, but because Rifkin had removed her teeth, her identity remained a mystery When Rifkin heard on the news about the head being found, he panicked. Terrified that he was about to get caught, he made a promise to himself that it was a one-time thing and that he would never kill again. (In 2013, the victim was identified through DNA as Heidi Balch.) Second Murder The promise not to kill again lasted about 16 months. In 1990, his mother and sister left again to go out of town. Rifkin seized the opportunity of having the house to himself and picked up a prostitute named Julia Blackbird and brought her home. After spending the night together, Rifkin drove to an ATM to get money to pay her and discovered he had a zero balance. He returned to the house and beat Blackbird with a table leg, and murdered her by strangling her to death. In the basement of his home, he dismembered the body and placed the different parts into buckets that he filled with concrete. He then drove into New York City and disposed of the buckets in the East River and the Brooklyn canal. Her remains were never found. The Body Count Climbs After killing the second woman, Rifkin did not make a vow to stop killing  but decided that dismembering the bodies was an unpleasant task that he needed to rethink. He was out of college again and living with his mother and working in lawn care. He tried to open a landscaping company and rented a storage unit for his equipment. He also used it to temporarily hide the bodies of his victims. In early 1991 his company failed and he was in debt. He managed to get a few part-time jobs, which he often lost because the jobs interfered with what he enjoyed most - strangling prostitutes. He also grew more confident about not getting caught. More Victims Beginning in July 1991, Rifkins murders began to come more frequently. Here is the list of his victims: Barbara Jacobs, age 31, killed July 14, 1991. Her body was found inside a plastic bag that had been placed into a cardboard box and put into the Hudson River.Mary Ellen DeLuca, age 22, killed on September 1, 1991, because she complained about having sex after Rifkin bought her crack cocaine.Yun Lee, age 31, killed on September 23, 1991. She was strangled to death and her body was put into the East River.Jane Doe #1, was killed in early December 1991. Rifkin strangled her during sex, put her body into a 55-gallon oil drum and dumped it into the East River.Lorraine Orvieto, age 28, was prostituting in Bayshore, Long Island when Rifkin picked her up and strangled her during sex. He disposed of her body by placing it into an oil drum and into Coney Island River where it was discovered months later.Mary Ann Holloman, 39, was killed on January 2, 1992. Her body was found the following July, stuffed inside an oil drum in Coney Island Creek.Iris Sanchez, age 25, killed on Mothers Day weekend , May 10, 1992. Rifkin put her body under an old mattress in an illegal dump area located near the JFK International Airport. Anna Lopez, age 33, and the mother of three children, was strangled to death on May 25, 1992. Rifkin disposed of her body along I-84 in Putnam County.Jane Doe #2 was murdered mid-winter 1991. On May 13, 1992, parts of her body were found inside an oil drum floating in Newton Creek in Brooklyn, New York.Violet ONeill, age 21, was killed in June 1992 at Rifkins mothers home. There he dismembered her in the bathtub, wrapped the body parts in plastic, and disposed of them in rivers and canals in New York City. Her torso was found floating in the Hudson River and days later other body parts were found inside of a suitcase.Mary Catherine Williams, age 31, was killed at Rifkins mothers home on October 2, 1992. Her remains were found in Yorktown, New York the following December.Jenny Soto, 23, was strangled to death on November 16, 1992. Her body was found the following day floating in Harlem River in New York City.Leah Evens, 28, and the mother of two children  was killed on February 27, 1993. Rifkin buried the corpse in the woods on Long Island. Her body was discovered three months later. Lauren Marquez, 28, was killed on April 2, 1993, and her body was left in the Pine Barrens in Suffolk County, New York, on Long Island.Tiffany Bresciani, 22, was Joel Rifkins final victim. On June 24, 1993, he strangled her and put her body in his mothers garage for three smoldering days before getting the opportunity to dispose of it. Rifkins Crime Is Discovered At around 3 a.m. Monday, June 28, 1993, Rifkin swabbed his nose with Noxzema so that he could tolerate the pungent odor coming from the corpse of Bresciani. He placed it in the bed of his pickup truck and got on Southern State highway headed south to Melvilles Republic Airport, which is where he planned to dispose of it. Also in the area were state troopers, Deborah Spaargaren and Sean Ruane, who noticed Rifkins truck did not have a license plate. They attempted to pull him over, but he ignored them and kept driving. The officers then used the siren and a loudspeaker, but still, Rifkin refused to pull over. Then, just as the officers requested backup, Rifkin tried to correct a missed turn and went straight into a utility light pole. Unhurt, Rifkin emerged from the truck and was promptly placed in handcuffs. Both officers quickly realized why the driver had not pulled over as the distinct odor of a decaying corpse permeated the air. Tiffanys body was found and while questioning Rifkin, he casually explained that she was a  prostitute that he had paid to have sex with and then things went bad and he killed her and that he was headed to the airport so that he could get rid of the body. He then asked the officers if he needed a lawyer. Rifkin was taken to police headquarters in Hempstead, New York, and after a short period of questioning by detectives, he began to reveal that the body they discovered was just the tip of the iceberg and offered up the number, 17. The Search for Rifkins Victims A search of his bedroom in his mothers home turned up a mountain of evidence against Rifkin including womens drivers licenses, womens underwear, jewelry, prescription drug bottles prescribed to women, purses and wallets, photographs of women, makeup, hair accessories, and womens clothing. Many of the items could be matched to victims of unsolved murders. There was also a large collection of books about serial killers and porn movies with themes centered on sadism. In the garage, they found three ounces of human blood in the wheelbarrow, tools coated in blood and a chainsaw that had blood and human flesh stuck in the blades. In the meantime, Joel Rifkin was writing a list for the investigators with the names and dates and locations of the bodies of 17 women he had murdered. His recollection was not perfect, but with his confession, the evidence, missing person reports and unidentified bodies that had turned up over the years, 15 of the 17 victims were identified. The Trial in Nassau County Rifkins mother hired an attorney to represent Joel, but he fired him and hired law partners Michael Soshnick and John Lawrence. Soshnick was a former Nassau County district attorney and had a reputation for being a top-notch criminal lawyer. His partner Lawrence had no experience in criminal law. Rifkin was arraigned in Nassau County for the murder of Tiffany Bresciani, to which he pleaded not guilty. During the suppression hearing which began November 1993, Soshnick tried unsuccessfully to get Rifkins confession and his admission to killing Tiffany Bresciani suppressed, based on the grounds that the state troopers lacked probable cause to search the truck. Two months into the hearing, Rifkin was offered a plea deal of 46 years to life in exchange for a guilty plea of 17 murders, but he turned it down, convinced that his lawyers could get him off by pleading insanity. Throughout the four-month hearing, Soshnick offended the judge by showing up to court late or not at all and often arriving unprepared. This irritated Judge Wexner and by March he pulled the plug on the hearing, announcing that he had seen enough evidence to reject the defense motions and he ordered the trial to begin in April. Infuriated by the news, Rifkin fired Soshnick, but kept Lawrence on, even though it would be his first criminal case. The trial began on April 11, 1994, and Rifkin pleaded not guilty by reason of temporary insanity. The jury disagreed and found him guilty of murder and reckless endangerment. He was sentenced to 25 years to life. The Sentence Rifkin was transferred to Suffolk County to stand trial for the murders of Evans and Marquez. The attempt to have his confession suppressed was again rejected. This time Rifkin pleaded guilty and received an additional two consecutive terms of 25 years to life. Similar scenarios were played out in Queens and in Brooklyn. By the time it was all over, Joel Rifkin, the most prolific serial killer in the history of New York, was found guilty of murdering nine women  and had received a total of 203 years in prison. He is currently housed at the Clinton Correctional Facility in Clinton County, New York.

Public relations plan for Pilsner Urquel Research Paper

Public relations plan for Pilsner Urquel - Research Paper Example This is because of the three main factors which are time involved during shipping, temperature, and light. The company is trying to overcome this issue by coming up with new supply chain and shipment solutions. At the same time it is important for the company to come up with effective and efficient PR plan to communicate the new improvements in the supply chain to the key audience and gain back the trust of the consumers in the market of United States. This in turn will allow the company to increase its sales and capture more market share. The company is already involved in different PR and marketing activities in this regard like recently company celebrated its 170th anniversary and arranged a complete program and event in this regard (Bloomberg Businessweek; SAB Miller, b). Along with this the company organized second annual master home brewer competition (PR Newswire, a). In this report an attempt has been made to understand the market research process of the company and provide them with the PR plan on the basis of the current situation of the market and industry. In order to come up with the proper public relation plan it is important to do the initial research of the background situation and overall industry trends in effective and efficient manner. This in turn facilitates the company to come up with the PR plan which is effective and conveys message to all target market. The market research can be done either through secondary research sources and methods or primary research sources and methods.... This in turn allows them to come up with effective and efficient strategy and marketing plan, as they are able to identify and understand important trends and changes in the market on timely basis. The interview from the company representative revealed that the company collects and analyze all important statistics regarding the consumer behavior and taste preferences with the help of different qualitative research and testing methods. However, the company has its own labs for testing the quality and taste of the beer. Regarding the media analysis, the company keeps check on different internet and social mediums including their own websites and monitors the stuff posted along with the response of the customers. Pilsner Urquell also monitors and keeps a check on the content posted by different bloggers about the beer. Some of the findings generated from the market and consumer research have been presented and explored here. The management of Pilsner Urquell is working hard to overcome the issues related with the freshness and shipment of the beer to US market. For this purpose, the company is well aware of the current situation of the market with the help of the research activities. The company use set of primary and secondary research methods in order to get hold of important information regarding important market trends. At the same time the management of the company is focusing on new innovative strategies and classify themselves as the trailblazer in the industry, as mentioned by the Pilsner representative. Along with this the company does keep an eye on the actions taken by the competitors but focus more on brining its own strategies and ways. For instance the representative of the company mentioned that some of the

Repeat Purchases, High and Low Involvement, Organizational Purchasing Assignment

Repeat Purchases, High and Low Involvement, Organizational Purchasing and Consumer Satisfaction - Assignment Example Under business theory, there is always the threat of substitutes in a market, which means that other competing companies will often develop innovations that are similar to an existing product. One can take into consideration a technology brand such as a CD player. Substitute products in the market for this product include mobile smart phones that can sustain music selections or even Apple iPod. If the marketer is unable to get repeat purchases, then there is always the risk of defection to competing substitute products that will, over time, erode profitability. Additionally, establishment of brand loyalty is very important not only to ensure revenues from customer sales but also to outperform competition with similar product offerings and ensure that the life cycle of the product can be sustained. Under the product life cycle model, products move through an introductory stage, a growth stage, a maturity stage and a decline stage depending on how long the marketer can sustain demand f or this product. When a product reaches the decline stage, as consumers no longer demand the product in high volumes, cash management and inventory control become a major strategic problem (Dooley, 2005). By being able to promote a desire to make repeat purchases, it has the ability to extend the life cycle of the product which gives the business opportunities to avoid restructuring its operations and marketing strategies, which can be very costly to the organization. Marketers can prompt repeat purchases in several ways. First, they can use psychographic segmentation and targeting strategies to create long-term connections with the consumer lifestyle, attitudes and behaviors. Some products are not easily differentiated because they have benefits and functions similar to other competing products. Therefore, they use positioning strategies to emphasize one unique characteristic that is different from competing products to let consumers know how the product can enhance their lives, su ch as focusing on premium ingredients in a food product. If the marketer illustrates to the consumer that its product has long-term benefits to enhance the lifestyle and it is promoted more effectively than competing products, there is a much greater chance that the consumer demand for the product will be sustained. For example, some companies will use celebrity endorsements as a means of promoting more interest in a product, using credible and attractive role models that fit the lifestyle characteristics of the target market. Under social learning theory in psychology, celebrity endorsements often promote repeat purchases when such lifestyle connections have been made (Pornpitakpan, 2003). High Involvement and Low Involvement Buying candy from the supermarket in the convenience section near the register represents very low involvement purchase decision-making. When making this decision, there was very little thought about what would be an appropriate product due to two specific fac tors. First, the time frame allowed while the checkout clerk is ringing up the product is very short and therefore, in order to get the product to the register in the allotted amount of time, a rapid decision must be made. Secondly, whether the buyer was hungry or not determines the size, flavor and ultimate choice of the candy product. A fast decision based on fast nutrition needs determines the volume of time selecting the product. A high involvement decision includes shopping for a new flat screen television set. I wanted to have specific features, resolution and was very focused on price as decision-making criteria in this high involvement purchase. During this decision-making process, I compared prices

Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - Essay Example On Indian independence, Gandhi argues that Indian independence was successful due to passive resistance. He also argues that a self-reliance is a vital tool, which can be utilized by the Indians, in that, the British must adhere to the Indians demands if they desire any kind of deal. In addition, Gandhi argues that India must reject the western civilization if it yearns for freedom. Gandhi, in his own words, says, â€Å"It is my duty patiently to try to remove your prejudice† (Gandhi p7, ch1).   Gandhi believed in a world of peace and harmony, free from any colonialism; but one is self-sustained and capable of managing its affairs. According to Hind Swaraj (p5 ch1), as the editor, Gandhi explains to the reader on the desire for home rule by arguing that, home rule is similar to self-rule, claiming that the British should not only leave the country, but they should also not leave behind their British style, only to be adopted by the Indians. He further explains to the reader that the British desired home rule for India, claiming that, the Englishmen were not ill and the Indians had to cooperate with them in order to achieve home rule sooner, hence becoming free. Secondly, Gandhi argues on Indian’s independence, which would only be achieved through passive resistance, insisting that the magnitude of love and pity is higher than that of firearms. He explains that the use of brutality is harmful, but not in the use of pity.

The Theory of Corporate Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Theory of Corporate Finance - Assignment Example The company's pricing data revealed that the Staples planned to establish their monopoly, and wanted to increase the prices of their product 13% after the merger. The merger was therefore criticized and blocked by the trading regulatory organizations, this saved 'consumers an estimated $1.1 billion over five years' (Yang, 2005), which otherwise would have been spent towards high prices. The acquisition and merger of the supplier with the reseller are regarded as a vertical merger. In the case of the vertical merger, both the parties are involved in the buyer-seller relationship. The acquisition of the Medico Container Services by Merck is regarded as a vertical merger. The regulatory authorities have appreciated exercises of vertical mergers. It is expected that consumers are also able to benefit from the vertical mergers, because such activities i.e. the integration of the supply chain, increase the efficiencies, the prices stabilize and quality of the services also improve. The mer ger of the Time Warner Inc. and Turner Corp., which are entirely different entertainment networks, has improved the services of the entertainment giants greatly. The regulatory authorities expressed their concerns that Time Warner after merger will be reluctant to offer and sell its video programs to other competitors of the cable TV companies, and Turner Corp. will have extra benefit through such bargains of merger, and Turner Corp. will be offered to programme right at discriminatory rates, therefore both the companies will establish their monopolies against other competitors including Direct Broadcast Satellite and new wireless cable technologies. The regulatory authority also feared that the merger will affect competition in the production of video programming; the merger will allow Time-Turner to refuse the services of transmission by competitors. The regulatory authority, therefore, approved the merger as it was likely to improve the services, but ' Direct Broadcast Satellite and new wireless cable technologies' (Yang, 2005). The Corporate Diversification has been discussed in detail by the financial economists, the analysts are of the opinion that corporate diversification has a lesser degree of favorable impact in judging the benefits of diversification for different reasons. The primary reason is that 'any diversification possibilities that corporations might have, will, in a perfect capital market, already have been exhausted through shareholders' individual portfolio choices' (Yang, 2005). The secondary reason is that the diversification discount i.e. the diversified corporations have the privilege to trade at discounted rates as compared to their non-diversified counterparts. It has been therefore concluded that corporate diversification is neutral, but has the potential to damage strategy. Surprisingly, the corporate diversification has been strong practice, 'At face value, diversification can be explained by the fact that when pooling income stre ams that are less than perfectly positively correlated, the resulting income stream is less volatile than were the constituent income streams' (Yang, 2005). The dilution of the risk factor, therefore, has the potential to be beneficial. The critics of the corporate diversification are of the opinion that any reduction that can be achieved through diversification, by any of the firms, 'can be replicated by the individual shareholders through an appropriately chosen portfolio'.

Analysis od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The Essay

Analysis od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The American Promise, a History of the US by James L. Roark - Essay Example A new world of colonial society was created in which many people were displaced from their native land. In the early 1763, the British colony emerged as one of the imperial power in North America. However, some of the British in America rebelled against the British rule and joined together to form their new country known as United States. The United States as a young nation expanded to pacific and started creating tension to other nations around the world by promoting slave trade. The novel â€Å"Uncle Tom’s cabin† examines the slave trade that took place in United States. It reveals how American people involved themselves in the slave trade. This is revealed when Mr. Shelby the main protagonist in the novel and a slave trader discusses the number of slaves he needs to sell in order to settle his debt. This shows that slaves were regarded as commodities that could be found in the market freely. American large scale farmers bought the slaves to work in their farms where they were highly mistreated. On the other hand, the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† explores the American people’s life from a traditional to modern society. It gives an account of the transitions and conflicts that have shaped United States. This paper is a critical analysis of the novel â€Å"Uncle Tom's Cabin† by Harriet Beeecher Stowe and the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† by James L. Roark. Analysis of Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a classic novel that provoked the American civil war in early 1600s. It discusses the issue of the slave trade that prevailed in United States. In addition, it also reveals the cruel behavior of the white masters towards their slaves. The author of the novel has a negative attitude towards slave trade in the American society. His main concern is to show that African-American have feelings like any other people in the society. This is because , during this period, white plantation farmers viewed black people as degraded human species. In addition, slave sellers and auctioneers had no feeling for the African-American people. This is evidenced by their behaviors of separating children from their mothers without feeling of the loss (Stowe 7). Harriet Beecher Stowe writes this novel to show that African-American people are normal human beings and should be treated with equality in the society. In his writing, he approaches the issue of the slave trade in an unwavering Christian viewpoint. The novel narrates the story of Uncle Tom who is the main character. He is very intelligent and honest middle aged, black man in the American society. The author also introduces Mr. Shelby a slave trader and a master to Uncle Tom. He has a great trust of Uncle Tom and allows him to carry out various dealings in the house. In addition, he also entrusts him to take care of a large sum of money whenever he is on a business trip. Uncle Tom on t he other hand is loyal to his master and does not want to violate the trust. This is evidenced with his act of not running away with the money even after getting a prime opportunity (Stowe 37). Uncle Tom enjoys the comfortable lifestyle in Mr. Shelby’s home. Due to his Christian values he is highly respected by Mr. Shelby. This makes him enjoy freedom in the house of a slave trader. However, the turning point of their relationship arrives when Mr. Shelby find himself in a debt of another slave trader known as

Discussion12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion12 - Assignment Example embassies as well as the 9/11 attacks in the U.S. soil. U.S. counterterrorism efforts have led to $1 trillion being spent in unending wars. Also, overreliance on oil has led to global warming as a result of emission of green house gases from the burning of gasoline. 2. The idea of America keeping up with the war against communism cannot be ruled out in totality. Instead, I hold the opinion that America should oppose communist’s regimes that deny citizens their basic rights. It is evident that Democracy stands out as the best system of governance as it takes a way power from few individuals and gives it to the people. It is very dangerous to entrust power to just few persons as their selfish interests can drive them into risking the lives of an entire nation. For example, North Korea is a communist state whose leader, Kim Jong-un, is putting the lives of the nation at risk by manufacturing nuclear weapons. Similarly, Hong Kong has recently been protesting against poor leadership in Beijing. Unfortunately, the citizens are denied the power to choose their preferred leader as communist regimes do not provide for that. Therefore, I think United States should continue promoting democracy across the world by setting a good example of how democ racy gives the citizens power. In situations where there is extreme violations of human rights in communist state, America as the leader of the world should intervene by setting up with the right systems of government that can protect the citizens. 3. The idea of immigration into the U.S. is common because of the many opportunities that the country offers. In fact, before I came to America I always had that it is a country of great opportunities. I have come to realize that many people migrate into the U.S. year in search of better jobs, better education, and better life. However, life as an illegal immigrant is not easy as every day you are under constant watch of security officers.

Analysis od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The Essay

Analysis od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The American Promise, a History of the US by James L. Roark - Essay Example A new world of colonial society was created in which many people were displaced from their native land. In the early 1763, the British colony emerged as one of the imperial power in North America. However, some of the British in America rebelled against the British rule and joined together to form their new country known as United States. The United States as a young nation expanded to pacific and started creating tension to other nations around the world by promoting slave trade. The novel â€Å"Uncle Tom’s cabin† examines the slave trade that took place in United States. It reveals how American people involved themselves in the slave trade. This is revealed when Mr. Shelby the main protagonist in the novel and a slave trader discusses the number of slaves he needs to sell in order to settle his debt. This shows that slaves were regarded as commodities that could be found in the market freely. American large scale farmers bought the slaves to work in their farms where they were highly mistreated. On the other hand, the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† explores the American people’s life from a traditional to modern society. It gives an account of the transitions and conflicts that have shaped United States. This paper is a critical analysis of the novel â€Å"Uncle Tom's Cabin† by Harriet Beeecher Stowe and the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† by James L. Roark. Analysis of Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a classic novel that provoked the American civil war in early 1600s. It discusses the issue of the slave trade that prevailed in United States. In addition, it also reveals the cruel behavior of the white masters towards their slaves. The author of the novel has a negative attitude towards slave trade in the American society. His main concern is to show that African-American have feelings like any other people in the society. This is because , during this period, white plantation farmers viewed black people as degraded human species. In addition, slave sellers and auctioneers had no feeling for the African-American people. This is evidenced by their behaviors of separating children from their mothers without feeling of the loss (Stowe 7). Harriet Beecher Stowe writes this novel to show that African-American people are normal human beings and should be treated with equality in the society. In his writing, he approaches the issue of the slave trade in an unwavering Christian viewpoint. The novel narrates the story of Uncle Tom who is the main character. He is very intelligent and honest middle aged, black man in the American society. The author also introduces Mr. Shelby a slave trader and a master to Uncle Tom. He has a great trust of Uncle Tom and allows him to carry out various dealings in the house. In addition, he also entrusts him to take care of a large sum of money whenever he is on a business trip. Uncle Tom on t he other hand is loyal to his master and does not want to violate the trust. This is evidenced with his act of not running away with the money even after getting a prime opportunity (Stowe 37). Uncle Tom enjoys the comfortable lifestyle in Mr. Shelby’s home. Due to his Christian values he is highly respected by Mr. Shelby. This makes him enjoy freedom in the house of a slave trader. However, the turning point of their relationship arrives when Mr. Shelby find himself in a debt of another slave trader known as

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Business plan - Essay Example The market comprises of three main competitors, such as Abuja constructors, Oga building Limited and Okonwkwo Fabricators. The two minor competitors are Okocha Limited and Dibanj Holders limited. The strength of the main competitors is their long working hours, nearness to consumers and their reputation. However, most customers complain that the main competitors lack client courtesy and good communication skills. It is also apparent that they charge high prices for their products, which make consumers to order them from other suppliers outside the region. In order to capture the market, our firm will introduce cheaper prices to counter the pricing strategies of the main competitors. The other strategy is to embark on an aggressive publicity, comprising of adverts in local radio stations and investment magazines. The sales forecast will be directed towards the target market to ensure that the budget caters for all the costs in the startup plan. The action plan is to coordinate all departments to segment the market for possible purchase of the Granite

Research and critical reflection - Money doesn’t buy you happiness. Essay Example for Free

Research and critical reflection Money doesn’t buy you happiness. Essay Money doesn’t buy you happiness. Everyone has heard the statement before and most studies of happiness and well-being generally agree on it. However, even though money does not buy you happiness it is largely agreed that money can be a means to an end. Hence, money cannot buy you happiness, but it can provide you with financial security and well-being. If you asked a poor person if they were happy most will tell you they are not due to living in poor conditions and having poor health. Their need for safety and security outweighs their need for nice things and possessions. So if money does not buy you happiness what does buy you happiness? What are the factors in life that make you happy? One way to address this question could be looking at ones well-being. As such a deeper interpretation of well-being is necessary. When considering the concept of well-being, there are two major approaches, objective well-being, and subjective well-being. Objective well-being looks at how healthy a person is and the access he has to resources. Subjective well-being on the other hand looks at the overall happiness of a person. In the same breath it is also argued that material well-being, that is the things we buy and want, does not lead to our overall happiness. Hence, money doesn’t buy you happiness. (Williams, 2014). Considering this notion that money does not buy you happiness (Myers Diener, 1995), Kawachi and Kennedy (2002, p.30 -31) sought out to summarise the main ingredients to happiness in one’s life. They noted sex, ethnicity and age scarcely make you happy. Rather it is the relationships and community you have around you that generates levels of happiness. Furthermore, enjoying one’s work and leisure is highly correlated with happiness. On the other hand, one’s wealth and income does not have a straight correlation with happiness. Some poor people are happy, some rich people are unhappy and vice versa. Nonetheless, millions of people across the globe spend large amount of money consuming things they do not need. I myself fall victim to marketing ploys and consume materialistic things that I do not always need, but want because I believe it will make me fit in more in my community, or make me happier. People follow fashionable trends and want all the new toys that come out thinking it will make them happy. This need of people to have nice fancy things has previously been coined the â€Å"new consumerism†. Back in the day, it meant keeping up with others in your community, if your neighbour got a new flash car, you had to go get one. However, with the popularisation of television,  and later on the rise of mass media, â€Å"new consumerism† meant people were now competing all over the globe. Furthermore, as we live in a world of inequality in terms of income and wealth, the gap between what we want and what we have largely depends on our income. Schor (1998), referred to this as â€Å"the aspirational gap†. If one cannot afford something, he can either be â€Å"unhappy† dealing with not having that product/want, or he chooses to take on debt in order to afford it and have it then and there; thus having to work more to cover the debt and the cycle conti nues. So if we look at happiness as the â€Å"difference between what we have and what we want we suddenly become unhappy† (Williams, 2014, p.5). Largely, I agree with the statement the money does not buy you happiness. By society’s standards I am definitely not a rich man but I consider myself to live a moderately happy life; largely due to the fact that I am healthy, I have good friends and a loving family. According to several scholars (Benin Nierstedt, 1985, Inglehart, 1990, Myers, 2000) it is indeed our social relationships that generate the highest levels of happiness. With that said, I still consume certain things, materialistic things, and go to certain places in order to construct my social identity. I want things in order to fit in or get praise from my peers. According to many scholars however this does not lead to my well-being but rather to unhappiness. This draws back to the â€Å"aspirational gap†, if I cannot afford to look a certain way or buy certain things and keep up with the times do I ultimately become unhappy? Personally I would like to say it does not apply to me, but reflecting back to S chor’s (1998) study, it appears to point in that direction. As such, I do agree with the concept more so as a lot of people around me become unhappy when they cannot afford something they want. Or become unhappy because they got themselves into debt due to their unnecessary consumptions. Maslow (1943) devised a theory of motivation which attempted to explain the hierarchical nature of people’s well-being. Firstly it is our basic psychological needs like hunger and thirst that we have to satisfy. Next, it is our needs for security and protection, followed by our need for social bonds and love. The last two steps are ones self-esteem and self-actualisation. This is a very hierarchical view which means once a certain level has been satisfied one seeks to satisfy the next until you reach to the top – self actualisation. This will explain why people become unhappy when they cannot afford  something – reach self-actualisation. Moreover, identities are fluid. I constantly consume new trends, go to new places, and change my habits to fit society’s norms. Social psychology attributes this to people’s nature to conform. One study by Asch (1952, ci ted in Bond Smith, 1996) shows the tendency of people to conform to the majority even when the outcome is clearly wrong. I agree with this as I buy certain clothes and go to certain places because I want to fit in with my surroundings. Zaichkowsky (1994) claims that peoples involvement with a product depends on a person apparent relevance of a product based on his inherent needs and values. Hence my values stem from my surroundings and my need for a product comes from my need to fit in to my surroundings. A lot of the above-mentioned concepts discussed were first investigated after WWII and throughout the 20th century. However, as the world is constantly evolving and changing do these outlooks on happiness and well-being still apply today? Have they gotten any better or worse? Early studies showed an increase in mental disorders and divorces throughout the late 20th century, as well as the increase need of people for bigger and better things. A study by Helliwell, Layard, and Sachs (2012) found that on average rich people are happier than poor people. However, they found that a country’s economic growth does not indicate an increase in the overall happiness of its people. This is simply due to the fact that once people reach a comfortable/secure level of income; further increase of it does not generate higher levels of happiness. Moreover, they found unemployment is highly correlated with low levels of well-being, whilst being employed – and satisfied with your job – was correlated with higher levels of well-being. Finally, they noted in Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, love and belonging come just after basic physiological and safety needs. Clearly, the sources of individual happiness include the set of social interactions through which individuals are interconnected.† (p.70). The aforementioned trends discussed appear to be in line with the current state of New Zealand. Helliwell et. al. (2012) found New Zealand ranked as the 13th happiest country in the world. This was attributed due to a low unemployment rate (6.2%), divorce number down (stats.govt.nz), and ranking high on education as well as freedom. (Helman, 2013). However, when looking at the top 50 richest countries in the world (aneki.com) New Zealand does not even make an appearance. However, it is safe to assume that new  consumerism and the â€Å"aspirational gap† still apply to New Zealand as the countries spending ($2,578 million) is higher than its GDP ($211,678 million). (stats.govt.nz). It certainly appears that money does not buy you happiness. Rather being poor is correlated with low levels of well-being. Money in itself can provide a person with security, but increased income does not appear to have an effect on overall happiness. Looking at Maslow’s theory, a person could have all the money in the world but if they are alone and do not have a loving community of friends and family to share it with they are almost always going to be unhappy. Rather, happiness is determined by a large number of factors with an emphasis on basic needs such as food and water, as well as friendships and belonging to a loving community. Consumption of materialistic objects and the aspiration for more money negatively affects our well-being. References Benin, M.H. and B.C. Nierstedt: 1985, ‘Happiness in single- and dual- earner families: The effects of marital happiness’, job satisfaction and life cycle, Journal of Marriage and the Family 47, pp. 975–984. Bond, R. Smith, P. B. (1996). Culture and conformity: a meta-analysis of studies using asch’s (1952b, 1956) line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119(1), 111–137. Maslow, Abraham H. 1943 A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50: 370-396. Helliwell, J., Layard, R., Sachs, J. (2012). World Happiness Report. Centre for Economic Performance. The Earth Institute Columbia University. Helman, C. (2013). The world’s happiest (And Saddest) countries. http://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2013/10/29/the-worlds-happiest-and-saddest-countries-2013/ Inglehart, R.: 1990, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ). Myers, D.G.: 2000, ‘The funds, friends and faith of happy p eople’, American Psychologist 55(1), pp. 56–67. Myers, D. G. Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10–19. Offer, A. (2006). The challenge of affluence: self-control and well-being in the United States. Williams, J. (2014) Consumption and Well-being. Chapter 12. P. 104 – 127. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1994). The personal involvement inventory: reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 59–69.

Knowledge in Name of the Rose Essay -- English Literature Essays

Knowledge in Name of the Rose Knowledge was one of the most powerful tools of the middle ages. It was highly valued by many kings and members of nobility, but the greatest procurer of knowledge through the middle ages was undoubtedly the church. Their motive for the capturing of wisdom was not for their own enrichment, but predominantly self-preservation. If the general public were to get hold of such a wealth of philosophical and scientific works that were withheld in the monastic libraries then they would almost certainly begin to formulate their own religious ideas, therefore releasing the societal stranglehold the church held so tightly at that time. To survive the church had to keep the knowledge from the masses, and this is something that Umberto Eco has incorporated with finesse into his novel The Name of the Rose. Intertextuality, postmodernism, allusions and an array of interesting characters help to explain the state of education and the availability of knowledge in the middle ages. The labyrinth is one of the most important aspects to the portrayal of knowledge in The Name of the Rose. Its design and purpose are a brilliant metaphor to the churches desire to keep knowledge from the poor and powerless. The story of the labyrinth goes right back to a Greek myth, which tells of a beast with the head of a bovine and the body of a man, who was conceived of a woman and a snow white bull. It was confined to a labyrinth from which there was no escape without assistance. The concept that Eco uses in The Name of the Rose is very similar, except instead of guarding the Minotaur, Eco’s labyrinth guard’s books, the knowledge that could be the destruction of the church’s vice-like grip upon society. The minotaur wanted seven young maidens and seven youths per year to quench it’s appetite, and one year the Greek hero Theseus became sick of the killing and offered himself as a sacrifice to the bull, with the intention of killing it. He went in with a ball of string and a sword, the ball of string he used to trace his path back to the start when he had killed the Minotaur. There are distinct parallels between William, and the hero Theseus. William entered the library with the intention of getting at the contents that it was protecting from society, which of course were the books, just as Theseus entered the Minotaur’s labyrinth to rescue the young men and w... ...uld lead one to believe that Jorge is simply following the attitude of the church. This being that works which use methods to make their concepts especially easy to understand are very dangerous, and therefore they above all others should be prevented from circulation into society. Umberto Eco has made the theme of knowledge a central subject within The Name of the Rose, and the literary techniques he uses as well as his highly complex characters are highly successful in conveying the way knowledge was treated in the era of great power that the catholic church held. The use of Sherlock Holmes in an intertextual sense and the consequent post-modern aspects of his amalgamation within the story are especially clever methods which serve to provide a very interesting tangent to the novel. The Name Of The Rose can be taken both on surface value as a typical crime story and from underneath as a wonderful political piece that embodies the attitudes of the time whilst still maintaining it’s ironic edge as a Sherlock Holmes murder thriller set in the early 1300’s, 500 years before Doyle’s work, and written in the 1980’s, some 100 years later than the Holmes mysteries were first published.

MP3s Are Beneficial :: Music Technology Essays

MP3s Are Beneficial With the invention of the computer came the invention of the internet. That invention of the internet has changed our entire lives and will entire to continue to change our lives. The internet is not always entirely good, but with the availability of information and the newfound ease of communication most do not often think of the internet as troublesome. While some find certain aspects of the newest technology harmful, others appreciate the technology and use it to uncover new leaves. Early perhaps no one had the vision of how the internet would change the entertainment world to the point it has today. The form of email we have today wasn’t in the inventors minds nor anything such as live video broadcasts online. So people sitting in front of a computer downloading and sharing audio files from one another through a mediator was nowhere near the realm of the inventors either. For Shawn Fanning, a 18 year-old college drop-out the vision of sharing songs and other audio files was right down his alley. For days Fanning, whose friends nicknamed "Napster," went sleepless while scribbling a code for the file sharing program. Eventually the code for Napster was completed in mid-1999. Napster was to allow its users to share mp3 files amongst each other. Mp3’s are a compressed form of an audio file that take up much less space than other forms of audio files. A CD can hold up to 80 minutes of music most of the time, but in mp3 form it can hold up to 10 hours of music or sound, So with advantage of mp3’s the popularity of Napster grew amazingly fast and within a year "An average of 640,000 people were downloading songs" at any given time. But with the popularity came the glaring eye of the Recording Industry Association of American (RIAA). As college students all across America quickly discovered they can hear their favorite musicians or songs wi thin minutes and all it takes is a few clicks of a mouse. College campuses started to ban the use of Napster as the RIAA was quickly moving to put a strong hold on the file sharing program. The RIAA’s position was "The record labels, as musicians' representatives, have long had legal control of how songs are distributed--and the ability to make money from that distribution.

Psychology of Negotiation Essay

Abstract Every day we may negotiate with people many times without being aware of it. The social reality is actually a big negotiating table, and we are playing a variety of negotiators in different situations. In the community, you might have conflict with others, and in order to solve these conflicts, you need to negotiate. Negotiation, to some extent, is a psychological game. So if we have the knowledge of it, we can make a good deal. This paper talked about the significance of studying psychological of negotiation, people’s different needs, motives, and temperaments in negotiation which could help negotiators to make successful negotiations with knowing them. Also, how to deal with the emotion problems people may have during negotiations. Negotiation is an indispensable part of our daily life, because it happens in our lives almost every day. Once we get rid of negotiation, we’re going to lose many of our rights, and right then it’s hard to express our true thoughts, and even if there are conflicts of interests, we can not protect our own benefits. In essence, the direct reason that lead to negotiation is the demands of negotiating parties, or the demand of the organization that one represents, can not be ignored when the other party meet their demand. Therefore, the main purpose of two parties participating in a negotiation, are not only to pursue their own needs, but also to find an acceptable solution for both parties through the exchanging of views and consulting. Former U.S. President John F. Kennedy had a famous saying in his inaugural speech, â€Å"let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.† On some level, negotiation is a mental game. We can learn from psychology that people’s needs, motives and behavior are closely related. What in a person’s mind affect his behavior, so psychology of business negotiation has important impact on the behavior in negotiation. Using psychological knowledge in negotiations will help people win the game. Psychology of business negotiation refers to various mental activities of negotiators in negotiations. It is a subjective reflection of negotiators towards variety of situations, conditions and other objective facts in negotiation. For example, when negotiator first meets the opponent in negotiation, and if the opponent is polite, sincere, and easy to communicate, the negotiator will has a good impression toward the other, and  he will be more confident and hopeful to make the deal. Being familiar with psychology in negotiation, will help negotiators handle a variety of complex negotiation problem flexibly and efficiently. I t is also significant for negotiators to develop excellent psychological quality, maintain a good attitude, judge the opponent’s psychological states and motives correctly, and predict and guide opponent’s behavior. The negotiator’s self-confidence in making negotiation successful, the sincerity towards negotiation, the management and control of emotion in negotiation, and the prevention and handling with obstacles are indispensable psychological qualities that guarantee successful negotiation. Therefore, negotiator should develop and improve their own excellent psychological qualities, and abandon the bad psychological behavior. The secret of negotiation is to grasp each other’s needs. Demand is the core of the negotiation. Needs and meeting the needs is the common basis for negotiation. For example, I have my own needs and the ability to satisfy others, and others have their own needs and the abilities to satisfy my needs. Therefore, we can satisfy each other, and this becomes the common basis of negotiation. Demand is a subjective state when one lacks something, which is a reflection of the needs of the people of a certain objective things, and that the objective needs of nature and society reflected in the brain. The demands in negotiation have several types: 1. Physiological needs: the original, basic, necessary needs for human survival, such as breathing, eating, drinking, sleeping, etc. No matter how tight, intense the negotiation is, the personnel participating in the negotiation must ensure to meet the physiological needs. The better we set up the dining, resting and entertainment in the negotiation, the higher the efficiency of negotiation is going to be. On the contrary, if people’s physiological needs can be satisfied, the negotiation can be directly affected. 2. Security needs: mainly refers to a person’s sense of security, stability and order. Business negotiators have strong security needs. To consider the credit security, the negotiators usually like to deal with old customers, and they feel scruples in dealing with new customers. In business negotiations, negotiators are generally concerned about the risks in transactions. For negotiators that are more sensitive, they would worry the condition of the main qualif ications, property, funds and reputation of the opponents. Sometimes they prefer to give up the attractive large  transactions, to select more solid small transactions or even give up the transaction. 3. Social needs: mainly represent the needs to seek and improve interpersonal relationship. Business negotiators have social needs. Negotiations are typical social activities. In a society that economy and culture are well-developed, people’s activities show their social needs. Social needs is a delicate and subtle needs, and it is related to one’s personality, psychological characteristics, experiences, cultural upbringing, habits, and religious beliefs. 4. Esteem needs: including being respected and self-esteem. To embody it is to hope one himself or herself having ability and achievements, be qualified for a job, be eager to get the appreciation of others, fame and glory. This kind of psychological needs showing in negotiation is that some people like to show their identity and authority, or others like to listen to people’s compliments and so on. The person who has a strong esteem needs might has aggressive and hostile behavior, or does not like to cooperate because of the working of psychological defense when his or her does not feel to be respected or the pride was hurt, and this will bring a big obstacle to negotiation. U.S. Oil Consortium would like to buy natural gas in Mexico with low price, so they had a negotiation about the price. The U.S. energy secretary believed that there was no potential buyer and Mexico would lower the price eventually since it was just a negotiation about money. However, the Mexicans needs w ere not only just selling natural gas at a good price, but also being respected and equal. And the Americans’ behavior looked like a bully for Mexicans, so the Mexico government decided not to burn the natural gas to the ground instead of selling to the U.S.. Therefore, any chance of making an agreement in politics is impossible. The case shows us that people may withdraw from the negotiation or give up the original plan of conducting transactions in order to safeguard the prestige and dignity. 5. Self-actualization needs: Self-actualization is to make one’s potential getting realistic. When you make the efforts to let others give you the special privilege, your satisfaction may reach a peak, and this is the representation of self-actualization. In actual negotiations, a strategy that people always use is to give the lowest offer, which is using this psychological phenomenon. â€Å"This is our best price†, is a typical example of using the psychology of pursuing self-actualization. In many circumstances,  negotiators are not on behalf of themselves, but on behalf of the organization to participate the negotiations. While they are trying to meet the individual needs, they also have to consider about the needs of the group or the organization. As a negotiator representing an organization, from the view of ethics, the needs of the organization should be put in the first place. One should try to satisfy the needs of group or organization through hard work. Where there is a need, there is a motive. Motive is the internal power to promote people to meet the needs. In other words, it is an internal driving force to promote people to do activities. The motive of negotiation is the driver to promote negotiators to make a negotiation to meet their needs. â€Å"Social motives determine negotiators’ preferences for resource allocation, that is, wheth er negotiators’ focus on maximizing collective or personal outcomes.† (Olekalns, M. & Smith, P.L., Jan, 2012) There are four-type motives of negotiation. 1. Economy-type motive: This kind of motive refers to that the negotiators are very sensitive to the economic factors such as transaction price and they take economic interests seriously. The negotiating behavior is mainly driven by economic interests. 2. Impulse-type motive: This means that the negotiators are impulsive in decision-making in negotiations, and their negotiating behaviors are induced by their emotions like irritation. 3. Misgiving-type motive: This means that the negotiators’ behavior is affected by suspicions and worries to cause the discreet negotiating behavior. 4. Adventurous-type motive: This means the negotiators like to take risks to pursue a more perfect outcome. Their negotiating behaviors are triggered by risks. When people have some kinds of needs but not be satisfied, they will have a nervous state of mind, and when they encounter the goal that can meet their needs, the nervous state of mind will turn into motives, to promote people engage in certain activities and achieve the goal. As a negotiator, one should have the insight to know the other party’s needs and motives, and adjust the negotiating strategy in order to have the control of negotiation. In business negotiation, the negotiators’ characteristics and personalities also have important impact on their negotiating behavior. â€Å"Personality clashes created via ‘posturing’ and ‘saving face’ can block progress in  negotiations.† (Hoffman, E., Dec, 2012) Personality affects the style, efficiency and effectiveness of negotiation. 2500 years ago, the ancient reek physician Hippocrates believed that the human body was filled with four basic substances, called humors. The four humors were black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The four humors form the four types of temperament. The negotiating personality of each temperament is power-type, convince-type, execute-type and misgiving-type. 1. Power-type: Power-type negotiator is a competitive opponent in negotiation. If you obey him, he will â€Å"eat you up†, and if you resist him, the negotiation will come to a dead end or be terminated. The best way to deal with this kind of people is to overcome hardness with softness. When they are furious or try to force one to make a deal, do not rush to refute or give it back, one should try his or her best to avoid direct conflict face to face, and be patient to listen. When the conflict is inevitable, one shall not surrender. One should use the facts to prove they were wrong, and fight back calmly. When you speak for the truth, they will be cool and may have respect and admire for you. It’s good to satisfy their self-esteem, stimulate challenge, make obstacles and induce risks to make the negotiation succeed. 2. Convince-type: The most common negotiators are convince-type in negotiation. They are shrewd, cautious, affable in appearance, and full of charm. They are good at discover and cater the opponents’ interest, and convince people gradually. Under many circumstances, even if they do not agree with other parties’ proposals, they would not refuse directly, and they always try to convince the other parties or illustrate their reason why they do not accept. The best way to deal with this kind of people is to persuade them repeatedly, because they like to hear from others and love to take advices. As long as your products fit their needs, and the price is reasonable, they will take it eventually. In addition, they are concerned about relationships, and they do not like making conflict, so repeated persuasion will be very effective. It’ll be good to make small conflicts and prepare some compliments and many questions in details to make the deal quick in negotiation. â€Å"It’s a fact of life that dealing with an intelligent well-balanced person will be the toughest negotiation, but it also offers the prospect of creating a genuine â€Å"win-win† agreement in the shortest possible time.† (Palmer, A., 2006) 3. Execute-type: The negotiators have  this kind of temperament can not work independently in negotiations. They like to play by the rules and implement with the plan in advance toward superiors’ orders and instructions. They usually do not have their own ideas and insights, and they lack of the ability to think and imagine. They often have poor decision-making and adapting ability. Trying to keep the status quo as it is is their greatest wish. The most effective way to deal with this kind of people is to be calm, patient and try to use more detailed information and precedents. They like safe and orderly negotiation. As far as possible to negotiate as planed when they are your opponents. They are concerned about the details, so try to show more information to support your idea and gain their trust. It’s good to divide negotiation to some periods with specific goals, and try to speed up the process of negotiation. 4. Misgiving-type: This kind of opponents have strong security needs and risk awareness. They always have scruples when dealing with new customers. They are worried about having disadvantage and being cheated, so they are anxious for gains and losses, sensitive, suspicious, defensive, close-minded and critical. They like to spy on their opponents’ minds, so it is advised to take a moderate negotiation with them. The effective way to deal with them is to provide more witnesses, evidences and other proofs. This kind of opponents is very suspicious. Whatever you say, they want to confirm to be assured. If you fool them with one answer, it seems to be impossible to gain their trust again. You have to be honest and passionate with these people. It is good to be cautious with your behavior, give them time to consider, make small conflict when they are doubted with the apparent facts. Therefore, when we observe and understand the opponents’ types, we can accept their shortcomings and deficiencies calmly, and take effective measures according to their psychological characteristics to control the direction of negotiations. Although we know the types of people we are going to deal with in negotiations, everyone has emotions that may blow off the negotiations. Business negotiations are complex and variable, and both parties’ emotions may fluctuate with the process of negotiation. Being too emotional is not good for negotiation. â€Å"The most successful negotiators are able to rise above the emotional aspects separating the people from the tasks.† (The Psychology of Negotiation) We have to make effective regulations on emotions of each party, we can make the negotiations proceed  in the way we expected. Negotiators should have self-control of their emotions. Whether the negotiations are going well or bad for their own party, they should be ratio nal rather than being manipulated by the opponents. â€Å"Mueller and Curhan found that negotiators with emotionally intelligent opponents were more satisfied with the negotiation outcome, liked their partners better, and were more willing to engage in future negotiations with the same partner than those negotiators with opponents who did not understand emotion as well.† (Gelafand, M.J., Fulmer, A. & Severance, L.) Sometimes people can use good-cop, bad-cop strategy to control the opponents in order to make the deal. U.S. tycoons Howard Hughes once wanted to buy a fleet of aircraft. Because he wanted to purchase a huge amount, it was a very good deal for the manufacturers. But Hughes stated that he wanted to write down his specific requirements on the agreement which were 34 clauses totally, and the manufacturer had to fulfill 11 clauses of the requirements. Hughes’s attitude in the negotiation is domineering, and hard-lined. He refused to consider about others, which aroused the anger of the manufacturer. At last, the m anufacturer announced that they would not have any negotiation with him. So later, Hughes sent his private representative to come forward to negotiate, and finally they made the deal with fulfilling 30 clauses of the requirements. But how did the representative win the negotiation? The answer is simple. Every time they had a conflict, the representative would ask, â€Å"Who do you prefer to settle this problem with, me or Howard Hughes?† So they eventually made it work by playing â€Å"good-cop and bad-cop†. Negotiation is an activity we may have to participate almost every day. Where there is a conflict, there will be a negotiation or compromise. However, we could use psychology to analysis people’s minds and behavior in negotiation to help us make a successful negotiation. Reference Hoffman, E.(Dec.2012). For dealing with the psychological factors that can block progress in negotiations. Retrieved from http://www.ciian.org/assets/forms/negotiation.pdf Homorism. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism Gelafand, M.J., Fulmer, A. & Severance, L. The psychology of negotiation and mediation. Retrieved from http://www.bsos.umd.edu/psyc/gelfand/GelfandFulmerSeverence.pdf Olekalns, M. & Smith, P.L..(Jan,2012). Psychological aspects of negotiating strategies and processes. Melbourne Business School. Retrieved from http://works.bepress.com/mara_olekalns/20 Palmer, A. (2006). Psychology and Negotiation. Negotiation. Retrieved from http://www.negotiation.biz/psychology.htm The Psychology of Negotiation. Training, LLC. Retrieved from http://www.champtrainer.com/documents/the_psychology_of_negotiation.pdf