Neo-Confucianism in the Ming dynasty Research Paper

Neo-Confucianism in the Ming dynasty - Research Paper ExampleThe presentation of the interest on Neo-Confucianism is the principal(prenominal) aim of the study undertaken. Specifically, it is aimed to exhibit the main issues and concepts revolving around the said school of though during the Ming Dynasty. This is undertaken by imparting the historical aspect of the said philosophy as accounted in the light of the period of reign and influence of the Ming Dynasty and its leaders specifically Wang Yang-ming.Due to the fact that Confucianism originated in the Chinese culture, the Neo-Confucianism can be considered to have rooted from the incessant development of the Confucianism through the influence of different factors and socio-historical components. Although this is the case, it can be considered that the Neo-Confucianism is considerably distinct from the main influences in China prior to its development. The Chinese culture is very much focused on the practical needs in relation to the human affairs. For that matter, the most pragmatic beliefs and concepts can be found and have originated in China. On the other hand, the Confucianism can be based on the concrete facts in life which encompass both the philosophical and the physical concepts in terns of application (Chang 15).The main root of the distinct character of the Neo-Confucianism in comparison to the orthodox Confucianism can be considered based on the infusion of the Buddhist culture influence out-of-pocket to the weakening of the original Confucianism. The said influence caused the development of the beliefs and concepts that are related to religion, faith and liberation from earthly sufferings. These occurrences in the Chinese history can be dated back to the Chin (Tsin) Dynasty in the A.D. 265-419, which prior to the development of the Neo-Confucianism school of thought (Chang 113).Aside from the development of the Neo-Confucianism on the

Reflection of Commerce in Cadavers an Open Secret Essay

Reflection of Commerce in Cadavers an Open Secret - Essay ExampleThe author finally concludes that the politics has to clarify its role in the discourse and management of activities involving human corpse parts, and that it is actually left with basically two choices to redefine the laws that govern donation of body parts or to use strict standards and regulations governing the selling of body parts. The Structure of the Main Argument The argument is a deductive argument which is anchored on the claim that an underground nefarious market has developed largely because of inconsistent federal policies and practices (Goodwin). This type of deductive argument is an example of Hypothetical Syllogism. The arguments or premises that support this conclusion ar mainly examples of effects that are brought about by such inconsistencies in government policies regarding the handling and management of body parts. In standard form, it would look standardised this P1 Inconsistent federal prac tices and policies give a chance for those engaged in the illegal selling of body parts to conduct their businesses smoothly. ... r industry is non substantiated by concrete evidence and may even be simply just a way to exaggerate the nature of this commercial exchange of body parts. Moreover, the statement fees have come to resemble illegal payments does not take into consideration that not all fees and not all institutions are involved in the use of illegal payments. The holds Use of Language The article is definitely value-laden as it is negatively biased against the government and its inefficiency in imposing its laws concerning the handling and management of human body parts. This is evident in the obvious distaste with which the author treats the government. In fact, the author uses a demeaning phrase pertaining to the fees that government laws unreasonably allow so that the illegal commercial selling of body parts would continue those fees have come to resemble illegal pay ments (Goodwin). Moreover, the prejudice of the author against the government is also evident in the phrases that express his accusations against them inconsistent federal policies and practices, poor oversight, and lax at best to describe federal oversight (Goodwin). These are the singular characteristics of the language that the author uses to push the reader towards accepting his conclusions. Nevertheless, the language that the author uses is straightforward and not overly intellectual, and this is another reason why it appeals to the ordinary reader. The Articles Strengths The article uses good and persuasive data to convince the readers of the inefficiency of government laws, although this information is not detailed perhaps to intentionally obscure the issue. The author has been stating absurd generalizations against the government since she mentions inconsistent

Globalization and HRM Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization and HRM Strategies - Assignment ExampleIt is a family- owned business, and the Walton family controls the corporation, having a stake of 48% in it. In 1972, Wal- grocery was incepted by Sam Walton however, the incorporation was done on October 31, 1969. The public trading of its stocks was initiated in 1972 on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). Its headquarters is positioned in Bentonville, Arkansas. inside the US, it is the leading grocery retailer as more than 50% of its revenues are earned from this division. Sams Club retail warehouses are also owned and operated in North America under the ownership and control of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart operates approximately 4,300 stores within the U. S. and around 8,500 in rest of the world, particularly 15 countries with 55 divergent trade names. Within the US, it operates with the trade name Wal-Mart, including Puerto Rico and 50 states piece in the UK, it operates with the trade name of Asda in Mexico, it is Walmex in Japan, it is named as Seiyu and as beat out Price in India. It has entirely owned operations in Canada, Argentina, and Brazil. Wal-Marts investments apart from North America have shown varied results as it operated successfully in the South America, China and the UK, whereas in South Korea and Germany, its venture wasnt successful. Operating divisions Wal-mart has organized its operations into three distinct divisions, namely, Wal-mart International, Wal-Mart U.S. and Sams Club. ... o world-wide territories by an assurance that it might accomplish competitive advantage overseas by the application of its amalgamation of human resources, technology and logistics with its fantastic relationship with international suppliers of consumer goods. However, few sources show that one of the main problems experienced by Wal-Mart is with its HRM, as sex intolerance is the most debating topic in the U. S. as well as in its international ground (Rock, 2001). Impact of Cultures on Wal-Marts HRM The leadin g barrier faced by Wal-Mart is while trying to expand in world-wide market is the resistance at the local level. It is infrequently acknowledged by community groups when it opposes campaign to manufacture new stores. The main causes are not but the protections imposed for local business but also the cultural differences as Wal-Mart moves its own culture wherever it enters. Thus, the Wal-Mart HRM requires to be trained to aspire that culture. An example force out be seen as the difficulty observed by the introduction of Sams Club in Brazil. So in order to fit into that culture, Wal Mart had to alter its strategies. One concern also faced by Wal-Marts HR is that it operates in varied locations with managers unable to speak the local language and the character of employment is also varied in its diverse markets. Sexual discrimination is also a leading controversial topic for Wal-Mart. It is observed that the proportion of women employees in Wal-Mart has been declined from 76% to 64 % since 1996 (Rock, 2001). Impact of labor markets on Wal-Marts HRM 150 to 350 people are employed by a characteristic Wal-Mart store while 500 employed by a supercenter. Most of the work offered is part-time. The best proof on overall alteration in local employment of import from

Management of Change in Lufthansa Airlines Essay

Management of Change in Lufthansa Airlines - Essay ExampleSecondly, there essential be allocation and mobilisation of resources so that the necessary changes may be executed. According to Beer and Eisenstat (2000, p. 32), it is increasingly becoming very critical for the corporate world to stick out at strategic change management so that they could outperform their competitors. This paper then will discuss corporate restructuring and privatisation in Lufthansa Airlines. The Type of Change and why It Was Introduced Lufthansa was almost going under in 1991 owing to accrued large debts. However, in a span of eight years, the company turned around its fortunes to catch a world leader in the aviation industry. In order to turn around its fortunes, the company had to institute radical changes. After instituting changes, which was the first measuring in the process, more allied changes had to follow so that the future of the company could be assured. The management of the company decide d to execute change at 4 different levels, which were modelled around the concept of renewal sustenance at four levels. However, after eight years of its turnaround, none of the processes that were started were completed. The most challenging bit was sustaining the build up introduced through change. It has been pointed out by Boxall (1996, p. 66) that most processes of change do not work because of an absence of attitudes geared towards change. It follows then that irrespective of how important or safe a change process is, the desired goals are not achieved. Similarly, Beer and Eisenstat (2000, p. 35) are of the opinion that those change programs that do not work are commonly found on theories of change that are flawed. In this case, it is important for change management to recognise their limitations in terms of ability to institute changes from the top. Instead, change managers should be complex in the creation of the climate of change that is in tandem with the companys de velopment goals without relying on any specific solution (Armenakis and Bedeain, 1999, p. 302 Schuler and Jackson, S. 2001, p. 247). There is usually a difference between execution philosophy of change and process management philosophy. On the one hand, the former is of the assumption that leading change is the aboriginal task in the process of change while, on the other hand, the latter places emphasis on the main task of change as planned capital punishment (Burnes, 2009, p. 76). The Context in Which Change Took Place During the change process, it becomes apparent that the basis of principles and values are dictated by underlying cultures (Worren, Ruddle and Moore, 1999, p. 279). The conditions that exist in the American companies are different from those of European continent in relation to criteria that are important for change strategies (Theodorakopoulos and Figueira, 2012, p. 863). This is particularly pertinent to HRM (human resource management) because it is involved with coeval techniques of management, besides primarily dealing with etiquette and values. There has to be a differentiation between strategies HRM and their role during the change process. It has been noted that HRM is deeply entrenched in the American culture, which counter-runs the prevalent In Europe culture of social responsibility, collectivism and pluralism (Saunders, Mann and Smith, 2008, p. 1110).

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature Review - Essay ExampleEvery year, companies incur a lot of undue cost just because of the listlessness of employees despite the thoughtfully constructed public presentation appraisal administrations in place. This paper explores reasons why performance appraisal systems may not be the best way to justice an employees abilities by conducting a thorough analysis of the workers needs and the various factors that influence their competence in the workplace. A lot of studies have conventionally been through with(p) to identify the factors affecting workers performance. However, this review will be limited to the discussion about the validity of performance appraisal systems. A lot of factors influence a workers performance that include but are not limited to job satisfaction, job security, allowances offered at the job, measure of work, duration of work, relationship with peers, organisational structure, organizational culture, social interaction, accommodation, associati on with family and distance from the family. These and umteen other factors like them have a great impact on the motivation of a worker. The performance of a worker is fundamentally governed by his/her competence. Therefore, in order to study the impact of appraisal on the performance of an case-by-case, it is customary to study the factors that influence the individuals competence. According to Stern and Kemp (2004), competency is the product of an individuals skill, motivation and personality traits. Various theories have been proposed at different points in time to identify the factors that play a decisive role in motivating an individual in the workplace. One of such theories that is discussed most frequently is the Maslows power structure of Needs theory. The Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory, as the name implies, consists of a set of needs that are staged in order of priority. The following plot depicts all stages that accommodate the hierarchical order of needs identified by Maslow Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Chapman, 2010). There are basically five stages of needs. The biologic and physiological needs which include such things as air, water and food form the most basic needs. Life is not possible without the fulfillment of these needs. following come the safety needs. All humans need safety and protection. Unless their safety is ensured, workers can not put in their best effort because of the resulting psychological upsets. In the present age, job security has become a big problem all over the world. Because of the economic recession, employees are being fired in titanic numbers and the companies are being down sized. This is a potential threat to the safety of workers, so performance appraisals can not be considered valid system for the assessment of the workers capabilities with such job insecurity. After getting secure, a worker wants his love and belongingness needs fulfilled. Quite often, people have to live away from their hearth because o f work, and hence, do not get a chance to meet the family quite often. Many employees try to fulfill their love and belongingness needs by interacting with the colleagues. However, not many are successful because all employees share common interests in the context of an organization, and hence, many develop grudges particularly as one of the employees gains more status and satisfy as

Solve the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Solve the questions - Essay ExampleThe fact that smaller creatures are able to simulate and identify potential set up of pesticide characterization on humans is most intriguing.Animal testing is an integral part of the product and medicine trails before their commercialization. The benefits of testing beasts are the fact that it acts as a prototype through which the effects of the drug or product on human feeling can be simulated. The value of human life cannot be compared with that of animals, for this reason these product or drug trials cannot be tested on humans directly. The interrogation helps increase the yield and betters result. On the negative aspect, the testing exacerbates the animal to early word picture and diseases. Others argue that testing effects on animals do not accurately simulate humans response to the same drugs. This creates the problem associated with misleading results.Animal testing is essential in order to simulate and understand effects of toxicity in humans. This is proven by vaginal cancer and uterine deformities in offsprings of rats that were undecided to DES. Offsprings of humans that had been exposed to DES also developed similar symptoms as those seen in rats. The DES exposure case similarity in rats and humans clearly pointed out that animal testing does give accurate results that can be related to humans.Dr. Tyrone hay talks about using rats to simulate effects of toxicity in humans. Dr Hayes argued that effects of toxicity in rats reflect possible effects of exposure in humans. He presented the case of DES exposures in both rats and humans. DES exposure caused vaginal cancer and uterine deformities in offsprings of those rats that had been exposed. Similarly, DES exposure in humans has caused similar symptoms to develop in offsprings. Similarly, Atrazine exposure in humans can cause the same effects that it causes in rats.If you were a farmer that dependent on high yield of crops for a animation do you think that you would use

Change Agents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

mixture Agents - Research Paper ExampleThe change agent is unbiased and he looks for solutions to resolve the issue taking into considerations the ask of all parties involved.Resistance to change can negatively impact the plans to implement change at a company. The managers must communicate with their employees to explain to them how the change oversight initiatives will affect their job routines. Change initiatives often fail due to a lack of change management (Swati, 2012). Resistance to change can counteract the ability to change the culture of an organization. Management intervention is needed to resolve resistance to change (Mariana, Violeta, 2011). The managers arrest to demonstrate to the employees the benefits of the initiative. If resistance to change persists it can have devastating effects on a company. The efficiency and productivity of the workers decreases which hurts the profitability of the firm. Long periods of resistance to change can escalate into work strikes or still complete shutdown of an operation. Managers have to react in a proactive manner to handle resistance to change effectively.Mariana, P., Violeta, S. (2011). Opportunity to Reduce Resistance to Change in a Process of Organizational Change. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 10(2). p698-702. Retrieved February 9, 2013 from EBSCOhost database.Swati, M. (2012). Managing Employee Resistance to Change a Comparative Study of Indian Organizations and NMCS in Delhi-NCR Region. Researchers creative activity Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce, 3(4). p64-71. Retrieved February 9, 2013 from EBSCOhost